Sunday, August 21, 2011

Eugene and Marcellite LeDoux



                                  Eugene LeDoux       Marcellite LeDoux

Jules Bayonne, my great-grandfather, was a witness at the wedding of Eugene LeDoux and Marcellite Marcellin on February 19, 1879 at St. Francis of Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. Eugene was born in August 1855 and died on March 23, 1928. Marcellite was born in May 1856 and died January 11,1915.

Photos courtesy of Michelle LeDoux

GUSSIE GOES TO ROME

                                                                      Onita & Gussie

Gussie's younger sister, Dr. Onita Estes Hicks, gave her a trip to Rome for the canonization of Blessed Katherine Drexel as early 80th birthday present. They are pictured here at Old Westbury College in New York where a bon voyage party was held in Mom's honor.
                                                         

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

AUGUSTA "GUSSIE" HICKS BAYONNE

Aunt Eugenia, Gussie, Uncle Edward        Gussie  

Augusta Hicks Bayonne, also known as Gussie, was born in Fullerton, Louisiana to Nace and Willie Estes Hicks. The oldest daughter of an oldest daughter, Gussie has six sisters and one brother, named in order of birth: Wilma, Marion, Gladys, Nace, Jr., Robertine, Onita and Elois. Gussie is my mother.

Gussie was about three when she visited her grandparents in Bayou Maringuoin, Louisiana, and was photographed with her Aunt Eugenia and Uncle Edward.

Augusta was enrolled as a first-grade student in the newly constructed St. Monica Catholic Church School in 1926.  She was a good student and graduated in 1934. During the summer, she joined St. Monica's softball team.  Gussie enrolled in Xavier Prep in the fall of 1934, and joined the CYO basketball team, and played for four years. She was on the Letter Squad and in two operettas.  Her favorite subject was Latin, and she graduated in 1938. She met Harold, my father, her first and only boyfriend, and they enrolled in Xavier University.

Harold and Gussie finished their freshman year at Xavier and enrolled as sophomores when they dropped out of school for financial reasons. They were married in 1940 and had five children between 1941 and 1949, namely Patricia, Jacqueline, Annette, Carol, and Harold, Jr. The Bayonne family lived in Portsmouth, Virginia, during WWII.  Dad was a welder hired to work on war-bombed ships at the Norfolk Shipyard. After the war, we moved back to New Orleans and lived with  Grandmother Carrie at 3212 Dixie Court. In 1950, we were evicted from Dixie Court to make room for a school. 

We had trouble finding a place to live. No one wanted to rent to a family with five young kids. With financial assistance from Grandmother Carrie, we purchased a lot in Jefferson Parish. The area was undeveloped—there was no water, gas, or electricity. Trees had to be cut down before the house could be built. As soon as the house was framed, we moved in. Although we were living like pioneers, we were happy.

Mom was hired as a second-grade teacher at Kenner Elementary in 1957. We all attended Kenner Elementary, but only my brother, Juney, was currently a student. Gussie enrolled at Xavier University to work toward a degree in education. She also enrolled in a German class at  Southern University in New Orleans, where I was a student. At the end of the semester, Mom, my friends Barbara and Maxine, and I were the only ones to earn the grade of B.

In 1967, Gussie was hired as an Outreach Worker for Jefferson Parish Community Action Program, President Johnson's War on Poverty Program.  She worked with the needy in every aspect of their lives. Gussie loved her job and was the first employee to receive the  Employee of the Year Award.  In December 1985, she retired with 18 years of service. Dad had retired the year before due to poor health.

After retirement, Mom was very busy caring for Dad who died in 1994 and Big Mama, her mother, in 1998. She continued to do community work with the IRS Volunteer Income Tax Program - 18 years on the job and 14 years after retirement.

In 2000, Gussie made her 80th birthday. It was a banner year and a year of first experiences: first passport, first airplane ride, first trip out of the country, and first birthday party. Onita, a younger sister, gave her the gift of a lifetime; she took Mom to Rome for the canonization of Blessed Kathrine Drexel. Mom felt eternally blessed to attend the canonization of Mother Katherine Drexel because she met her when she was a student at St. Monica Catholic School. Gussie was chosen to read her composition, "Building for Eternity," to Mother Katherine, something that she will never forget.

Now, Mom is in the final stages of Alzheimer's; she is no longer able to care for herself, and she has forgotten her sisters, her brother, my sister Jackie, and me. She only knows the people she sees every day- my sisters Annette and Carol and grandkids Carla, Cameron, and Marcus. To paraphrase Nancy Reagan, whose husband, President Ronald Reagan, died of Alzheimer's, It is a long, slow goodbye. 





Thursday, May 5, 2011

ONE LOVELY BLOG AWARD


I am honored to received the One Lovely Blog Award from Mavis Jones of Georgia Black Crackers at :

Wednesday, May 4, 2011

JESUIT PLANTATION PROJECT/SALE OF 64 NEGROES

SALE OF 64 NEGROES NOVEMBER 10, 1838
 On November 10, 1838 64 slaves were sold by Rev.Thomas Mulledy of Georgetown, District of Columbia to Jesse Batey of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. Among those slaves were my great-great-great grandparents, Nace, 50 years old and Biby Butler, 45 years and their children: infant, 1/12 years; Caroline,16 years; Basil, 14 years; Martha Anne , 12 years; Ann, 10 years; Gabe, 9 years; Biby, 8 years; Henry, 7 years; Tom, 5 years: Mary, 3 years. 

The Butler family were on St. Inigoes Plantation in St. Mary's County, Maryland and transported to Louisiana on Ship # 2.  Nace, Jr. ran away and did not board the ship.

We are a big Louisiana family of Roman Catholics. My paternal and maternal grandfathers were Catholic men married to Baptist women. In Interfaith marriages where one spouse is Catholic, per Church doctrine, all children must be baptized Catholics. So, everybody in my family began life as a Catholic, and many members are still practicing Catholics. We attended Catholic schools and made our First Communions and Confirmations. In all of the years of our Catholic education, including catechism and history classes, no one ever mentioned that Catholic priests were big-time slaveholders. To say that our entire family was appalled and saddened to discover that the Jesuits of Maryland enslaved our ancestors would be an understatement.

The Butlers were discovered as we prepared family history presentations for the Hicks/Estes Family Reunion in 2004. My aunt, Onita Estes Hicks, and I co-chaired the reunion planning committee. Given the shortage of information and time, Judy Riffel, a professional genealogist, was hired to assist me in my research.

On March 19, 2004, I mailed ten documents to Ms. Riffel for examination. A notation of the birthplace of my maternal great-grandmother, Rachel Butler Hicks, on the 1910 U.S. Census schedule led to the discovery of her mother, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and their last slave owner. When Ms. Riffel noticed that Rachel's parents were from Maryland on the census, she decided to research the records of Jesse Batey of Terrebonne Parish, who owned a plantation in Bayou Maringouin. She knew from prior research that in 1838, Batey had purchased a large number of slaves from Maryland.

INVENTORY OF JESSE BATEY
The late Dr. Jesse Batey's inventory is dated 5 March 1851. Rachel is not listed in the inventory, but her mother and her mother's relatives are found among the slaves. The 1851 inventory lists the family as follows: 1. Nace Butler, negro man, aged sixty-five years, appraised at three hundred dollars.
2. Bebe, his wife, negro woman,, aged about sixty, appraised at three hundred dollars
3. Martha, a negro woman, daughter of Babe(sic), aged twenty-two, and her two children, Bridget, aged five years, and Emeline, aged two years, appraised at twelve hundred dollars
4. Babe(sic), negro woman aged twenty, appraised at twelve hundred dollars
5. Gave(sic), negro boy, aged eighteen years, appraised at eight hundred dollars
6. Henry, negro boy aged seventeen years, appraised at eight hundred dollars
7. Tom, negro boy aged sixteen years, appraised at eight hundred dollars
8. Mary, negro girl aged 15 years, appraised at seven hundred dollars
9. John, negro boy aged fourteen years, appraised at seven hundred dollars

Acknowledgments: Ms. Judy Riffel, Onita Estes-Hicks
For more information, Google Jesuit Plantation Project

Wednesday, April 20, 2011

JESUIT PLANTATION PROJECT

The Society of Jesus owned six plantations in the seventeenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries which they relied on to support their ministries. The estates totaled 12,000 acres on four large properties in southern Prince Georges, Charles and St. Mary's counties and two smaller estates on Maryland's eastern shore. These estates were presented to them by the Lords Baltimore who were Catholic and used slaves to work them. The slaves were gifts to the Jesuits from wealthy Catholic familes to sustain the church.

The records of these plantations, Jesuit Plantation Project(JPP), form part of the archives of the Jesuits and have been converted to an electronic by students of American Studies department at Georgetown University. The archives contain personal papers like the diaries of Br. Mobberly who spent time on many of the plantations, Sale Contract of 272 Slaves in 1838, documents regarding plantation conditions, the welfare and religious needs of the slaves, resources and a JPP bibliography.

The sale of the slaves by the Jesuits had nothing to do with morals but was a decision based on economics. They feared the devaluation of their property, at a time in which the abolitionist movement was spreading. The economy was no longer driven by slave labor and the slaves were getting very costly to feed and clothed. They were also experiencing difficulty with governing the slaves and thought they could make more money by selling the slaves and employing tenant farmers.

My Butler family was among the 272 slaves sold downriver to Louisiana plantation owners. According to the JPP site, sixty-four negroes including the "Butler Breed" as they were designated on a Slave Transfer from St. Inagoes(sic) Plantation in St. Mary's County, were shipped to Louisiana on Ship #2.

Nace and Biby Butlers are my great-great-great grandparents.

Friday, April 15, 2011

THE BUTLERS SLAVEHOLDERS

SALE OF THE BUTLERS TO THE BARROWS

An undivided half share of the plantation was sold by the heirs of Jesse Batey to Washington Barrow of Nashville,Tennessee and his son, John Barrow of East Baton Rouge Parish on 18 January 1853. The Butler family was listed among the slaves that were sold in that transaction: Mary,17, Rachel, her child and my great-grandmother, 3 months; Nace Butler, negro man, 67; Biby, his wife, 63 and her three children: Henry, 19, Thomas,17, and John,15; Martha Ann,24, and her three children were also noted on the inventory: Bridget, 7 and Emeline, 4, were described as mulattos. Josephine, 1, Martha's youngest child, was listed as black.

Mary, Martha Ann and their children were not grouped with Nace, Biby and their sons. Perhaps, the young Butler women and their children were living on their own in separate cabins.

ANOTHER SALE OF THE BUTLERS

On February 4, 1856, Washington Barrow sold the plantation to Patrick and Joseph B. Woolfolk. On this list, Rachel is listed as age 3, but her mother, Mary, is not listed.  However, Rachel's grandparents, Nace and Biby(sic) Butler are among the slaves on the plantation. Also listed were Rachel's uncles, Henry, Thomas and John Butler. Martha Ann, Rachel's aunt, and her three children, Bridget, Emiline and Joseph were there, too, but living apart from the other Butlers.

ENSLAVED BUTLERS - FROM WASHINGTON, D.C. TO LOUISIANA

In the city of Washington, on 10 November 1839(sic 1838) Thomas Mulledy of Georgetown, District of Columbia, sold to Jesse Batey of Terebonne Parish, 64 negroes. Nace butler, 50, is positioned as the head of the folowing slaves, who appear to be his wife and their nine children: Beby(sic), 45, and her children: Caroline, 16; Basil, 14; Martha Anne, 12; Anne, 10; Gabe, 9; Beby, 8; Henry, 7; Tom, 15;Mary(Rachel's mother), 3.